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‘A molten, mushy state’: scientists may have found a new type of liquid planet
| United Kingdom | politics | ✓ Verified - theguardian.com

‘A molten, mushy state’: scientists may have found a new type of liquid planet

#liquid planet #exoplanet #molten #mushy state #planetary formation #astronomy #scientific discovery

📌 Key Takeaways

  • Scientists have identified a potential new type of exoplanet characterized by a molten, mushy state.
  • These planets are believed to be composed of liquid or semi-liquid materials rather than solid surfaces.
  • The discovery could expand our understanding of planetary formation and diversity in the universe.
  • Research suggests such planets may form under specific conditions involving heat and composition.

📖 Full Retelling

<p>Latest observations of L98-59d, about 35 light years from Earth, suggest it could be different to anything seen before</p><p>Astronomers have identified a planet composed of molten lava, suggesting the existence of an entirely new category of liquid planet.</p><p>The distant world, known as L98-59d, is about 1.6 times the size of Earth and orbits a small red star 35 light years away. Astronomers initially thought the planet might <a href="https://earthsky.org/

🏷️ Themes

Exoplanet Discovery, Planetary Science

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Deep Analysis

Why It Matters

This discovery matters because it expands our understanding of planetary formation and diversity in the universe, potentially revealing new types of worlds beyond traditional rocky or gas giant classifications. It affects astronomers, astrophysicists, and planetary scientists who study exoplanets and planetary evolution. The findings could influence how we search for habitable worlds and interpret data from telescopes like James Webb, as these 'mushy' planets might have unique atmospheric and geological properties that differ from solid or fully liquid planets.

Context & Background

  • Scientists have traditionally classified planets into categories like terrestrial (rocky), gas giants, and ice giants, based on our solar system's examples.
  • Exoplanet discoveries since the 1990s have revealed diverse planetary types not found in our solar system, such as 'hot Jupiters' and 'super-Earths'.
  • Planetary formation models suggest that some planets may undergo extreme heating during formation or from stellar radiation, potentially creating partially molten states.
  • Previous research has explored 'lava worlds'—planets with molten surfaces—but a 'mushy' state implies a mix of solid and liquid throughout the planet's interior.

What Happens Next

Scientists will likely conduct follow-up observations using telescopes to confirm the properties of these candidate planets and model their internal structures. Further research may explore how these 'mushy' planets form, evolve, and potentially support atmospheres or magnetic fields. Upcoming missions, such as the James Webb Space Telescope's exoplanet studies, could provide more data in the coming years to validate or refine this hypothesis.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a 'mushy' planet?

A 'mushy' planet is a proposed new type of planet that exists in a partially molten state, with a mix of solid and liquid materials throughout its interior, rather than having distinct layers like Earth's solid crust and molten core.

How do scientists detect these planets?

Scientists detect such planets using methods like transit photometry, which measures dips in starlight as planets pass in front of their stars, and spectroscopy to analyze atmospheric compositions, though inferring internal states requires modeling based on density and orbital data.

Could life exist on a 'mushy' planet?

Life as we know it is unlikely on a 'mushy' planet due to extreme temperatures and unstable surfaces, but studying these worlds helps us understand the range of planetary conditions and the limits of habitability in the universe.

Why is this discovery significant for astronomy?

This discovery is significant because it challenges existing planetary classification systems and expands our knowledge of planetary diversity, offering insights into formation processes and the potential for unknown planetary types across galaxies.

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Original Source
‘A molten, mushy state’: scientists may have found a new type of liquid planet Latest observations of L98-59d, about 35 light years from Earth, suggest it could be different to anything seen before Astronomers have identified a planet composed of molten lava, suggesting the existence of an entirely new category of liquid planet. The distant world, known as L98-59d, is about 1.6 times the size of Earth and orbits a small red star 35 light years away. Astronomers initially thought the planet might harbour a deep ocean of liquid water , but the latest analysis suggests that it could be fundamentally different to anything seen before. “The whole thing really is in a mushy, molten state,” said Dr Harrison Nicholls, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford. “It’s like molasses. It’s likely that this planet’s core would also be molten.” Surface temperatures would reach a blazing 1,900C (3,500F), large waves are likely to roll over the magma ocean caused by the tidal forces of neighbouring planets, and there would be a pervasive stench of rotten egg thanks to an atmosphere rich in hydrogen sulphide. The overall conditions are not viewed as favourable for hosting life. “If there are aliens out there that could live in lava that would be amazing, but I don’t think it’s likely that it’s habitable,” said Nicholls. “It’s nice to revel in the alienness of the planet itself.” Planets beyond our solar system are too distant to photograph or reach with robotic spacecraft, and until recently astronomers could only make crude estimates of the size, density and temperature of these distant worlds by tracking their silhouettes as they passed in front of their host star. The James Webb space telescope, however, is powerful enough to measure starlight filtered through the planet’s atmosphere to give a read-out of which gases are present. Previously, such observations revealed that L98-59d has a sulphur-rich atmosphere that appeared at odds with it being either a rocky or water world ...
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theguardian.com

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