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Beijing

Capital city of China

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# Beijing **Beijing**, historically romanized as **Peking**, is the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is the world's most populous national capital city, home to more than 22 million residents. Located in Northern China, Beijing is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the State Council, consisting of 16 urban districts. It is bordered by Hebei Province to the north, west, and south, and neighbors Tianjin to the southeast; together, these regions form the **Jing-Jin-Ji** megalopolis. ## History and Heritage Beijing is one of the world's oldest cities, with a recorded history spanning over three millennia. As one of the **Four Great Ancient Capitals of China**, it has served as the nation's political center for the majority of the past eight centuries. ### Architecture and Urban Fabric The city's layout reflects its strategic origins as an imperial residence, traditionally surrounded by mountains on three sides and fortified by expansive walls. * **Traditional Styles:** Characterized by *siheyuans* (courtyard houses) and *hutongs* (narrow alleys). * **Modern Structures:** The **Beijing CBD** serves as the heart of economic expansion, featuring a skyline of modern skyscrapers. * **Imperial Landmarks:** Renowned for opulent palaces, temples, gardens, and tombs. ### UNESCO World Heritage Sites Beijing hosts eight UNESCO World Heritage Sites, a testament to its cultural significance: 1. **The Forbidden City** 2. **The Temple of Heaven** 3. **The Summer Palace** 4. **The Ming Tombs** 5. **Zhoukoudian (Peking Man Site)** 6. **Beijing Central Axis** 7. **The Great Wall (sections)** 8. **The Grand Canal** ## Global Influence and Economy Beijing is a major global alpha city and a leading center for diplomacy, finance, science, and technology. * **Corporate Power:** It houses the largest number of **Fortune Global 500** companies in the world and the headquarters of China's largest state-owned enterprises. * **Finance:** It is home to the world’s four largest financial institutions by total assets. * **Innovation:** The **Zhongguancun** area is a global hub for technological innovation and entrepreneurship. * **Research:** Since 2016, Beijing has consistently ranked first globally for scientific research output according to the Nature Index. ## Infrastructure and Transportation Beijing serves as the primary hub for China’s national highway, expressway, and high-speed rail networks. * **Aviation:** **Beijing Capital International Airport** was Asia's busiest from 2009–2019. **Beijing Daxing International Airport** features the world's largest single-structure airport terminal. * **Transit:** The Beijing Subway system is one of the longest and busiest in the world. ## Education and International Relations The city is a focal point for international diplomacy, hosting 176 foreign embassies and the headquarters of organizations such as the **Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)** and the **Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)**. ### Higher Education Beijing’s public universities account for over one-fifth of the nation's "Double First-Class" institutions. Notable world-ranked universities include: * Tsinghua University * Peking University * University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) ## Sports Beijing holds a unique place in sporting history as the **first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympics** (2008 and 2022, respectively), as well as both iterations of the Paralympic Games.