# Coup d'État
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Who / What
A **coup d'état** is a sudden and illegal attempt by a military or political elite to remove an incumbent government, often through force. It involves seizing power from the existing leadership, either through overt rebellion or covert manipulation. A *self-coup* occurs when a leader, having legitimately assumed power, attempts to retain it unlawfully.
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Background & History
The term *"coup d'état"* originates from French military terminology, dating back to the 18th century, where it described rapid, decisive actions by officers to overthrow a government. Historically, coups have been common in authoritarian regimes, often tied to political instability, economic crises, or perceived corruption. From 1950 to 2010, estimates suggest **457 coup attempts**, with roughly half succeeding. Many were driven by nationalist movements, military modernization, or resistance against foreign influence.
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Why Notable
Coup d'états are significant because they often disrupt democratic processes, destabilize nations, and lead to prolonged conflicts. Successful coups can reshape political landscapes, while failed ones may spark civil unrest or international interventions. They frequently serve as catalysts for broader social or economic transformations, though their long-term effects vary widely.
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In the News
While not a single organization, coup attempts remain a persistent global phenomenon, particularly in regions with weak institutions or authoritarian governance. Recent years have seen increased scrutiny of military-led takeovers (e.g., in Sudan, Myanmar) due to human rights abuses and economic mismanagement. Their relevance lies in their potential to either stabilize fragile states or deepen crises.
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Key Facts
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