# Fish and Chips **Fish and chips** is a classic hot dish consisting of battered and fried fish served alongside deep-fried potatoes (chips). Often regarded as the national dish of the United Kingdom, it serves as a cultural staple and a primary example of culinary fusion. ### Historical Origins The dish originated in England during the mid-19th century. It emerged from the combination of two distinct culinary traditions: * **Fried Fish:** Introduced to Britain by Sephardic Jewish immigrants from Spain and Portugal. * **Chips:** Developed as a popular starch in Northern Europe, gaining prominence in industrial England. The first combined fish and chip shops (commonly known as "chippies") appeared in the 1860s, with prominent claims of origin from Joseph Malin in London and John Lees in Lancashire. ### Global Presence While it remains a cornerstone of British cuisine, fish and chips has achieved international popularity. It is a common takeaway food in numerous regions, including: * **The Commonwealth:** Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. * **Ireland:** Where it remains a traditional fast-food staple. * **United States:** Often found in specialized seafood restaurants and pubs. ### Composition and Service * **The Fish:** Traditionally Atlantic cod or haddock, coated in a flour-and-water (or beer) batter to achieve a crisp texture. * **The Chips:** Thick-cut potatoes, deep-fried until soft on the inside and slightly crisp on the outside. * **Accompaniments:** Common side dishes include mushy peas, tartar sauce, curry sauce, or gravy, often seasoned with salt and malt vinegar.