# John Bolton
Who / What
John Robert Bolton II is an American attorney, diplomat, Republican consultant, and political commentator. Known for his sharp legal mind and staunch conservative views, he has held significant diplomatic roles in U.S. foreign policy.
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Background & History
Born on **November 20, 1948**, John Bolton is a product of Virginia’s Mid-Atlantic region. He began his career as an assistant attorney general under President Ronald Reagan (1985–1989), later serving in the State Department as assistant secretary for international organization affairs (1989–1993) and undersecretary for arms control and international security (2001–2005). His tenure at the UN (2005–2006) marked his first major diplomatic post, where he advocated a tougher stance on global issues.
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Why Notable
Bolton’s career reflects a relentless commitment to conservative foreign policy, often prioritizing U.S. interests over multilateral cooperation. His role as national security advisor (2018–2019) under President Trump underscored his influence in shaping hardline diplomatic strategies, including tensions with China and Russia. Critics praise his uncompromising approach but also criticize his perceived lack of nuance.
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In the News
Though retired from active government roles, Bolton remains a prominent voice in conservative politics and media commentary. His 2018 memoir, *The Age of Deception*, has sparked debate over his role in Trump’s foreign policy. Recent appearances at think tanks and conferences keep him relevant as a vocal advocate for U.S. sovereignty and skepticism toward international agreements.
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Key Facts
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