# Library of Congress
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Who / What
The **Library of Congress** is the largest research library in the world and a key federal institution serving as the primary research library for the U.S. Congress, providing historical, cultural, and legislative resources to policymakers, scholars, and the public.
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Background & History
Founded in 1800 under President John Adams, the Library of Congress was established as part of the **U.S. Capitol complex** to preserve national records and knowledge. Originally named the "Department of State, Foreign Office, and War," it initially held only a small collection of books before expanding significantly after the **War of 1812**, when British forces burned much of Washington, D.C., including early library holdings. The institution grew further with the **Mapp Act (1850)**, which mandated that all new congressional records be deposited there.
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Why Notable
The Library of Congress plays a pivotal role in preserving America’s intellectual heritage by housing over **179 million items**, including books, manuscripts, maps, photographs, and digital archives. It administers the **U.S. Copyright Office**, safeguarding creative works, and supports the **Congressional Research Service** (CRS), providing independent analysis for lawmakers. Its collections span centuries, offering unparalleled access to historical documents like the **Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation**.
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In the News
As a cornerstone of U.S. democracy, the Library of Congress remains relevant in debates over digital preservation, open-access policies, and national identity. Recent developments include efforts to digitize rare materials for global access, partnerships with tech companies to modernize its systems, and responses to threats like climate change on its historic buildings. Its role in shaping policy and public discourse ensures it stays at the forefront of cultural and technological advancements.
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Key Facts
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