# Supreme Leader of Iran
---
Who / What
The **Supreme Leader of Iran** is the de facto head of state and the highest political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran. As established by the constitution, they oversee all branches of government—legislative, executive, and judicial—and hold ultimate control over key institutions such as the armed forces, judiciary, media, and elected bodies like the Guardian Council.
---
Background & History
The position was established following the **Islamic Revolution (1979)**, which overthrew the Shah of Iran. The constitution drafted under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini outlined a system where a religious leader would serve as the supreme authority, ensuring both political and spiritual leadership aligned with Islamic principles. Initially filled by Khomeini himself, the role evolved into a permanent position after his death in 1989, with subsequent leaders (e.g., Ali Khamenei) maintaining continuity in governance.
The system was designed to prevent secular rule, embedding religious authority within state structures. Key milestones include the **1979 revolution**, the establishment of the Guardian Council (to oversee elections), and the consolidation of power through constitutional amendments that expanded the leader’s influence over domestic and foreign policy.
---
Why Notable
The Supreme Leader holds unparalleled authority, acting as both a religious guide and political commander. Their decisions shape Iran’s foreign policy, military strategy, and internal governance, often setting the tone for national priorities. The role is critical in balancing Islamic values with modern governance, making it a focal point of regional and global politics.
---
In the News
As of recent years, the Supreme Leader remains a central figure in Iran’s geopolitical landscape, particularly amid tensions with Western powers, regional conflicts (e.g., Syria, Yemen), and internal debates over reform. Their approval ratings fluctuate based on economic challenges, nuclear negotiations, and global sanctions, keeping their influence—and scrutiny—intensified.
---
Key Facts
---
